All Issue

2018 Vol.28, Issue 12 Preview Page
Fabrication of CIGS/CZTS Thin Films Solar Cells by Non-vacuum Process

비진공 방법에 의한 CIGS/CZTS계 박막 태양전지 제조

Dayoung Yoo1
,
Dongyun Lee12†
유 다영1
,
이 동윤12†
1Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
2Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
1부산대학교 나노융합기술학과(대학원)
2부산대학교 나노에너지공학과
†Corresponding author : E-Mail : dlee@pusan.ac.kr (D. Lee, Pusan Nat’l Univ.)
December 2018. pp. 748-757
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

Inorganic semiconductor compounds, e.g., CIGS and CZTS, are promising materials for thin film solar cells because of their high light absorption coefficient and stability. Research on thin film solar cells using this compound has made remarkable progress in the last two decades. Vacuum-based processes, e.g., co-evaporation and sputtering, are well established to obtain high-efficiency CIGS and/or CZTS thin film solar cells with over 20% of power conversion. However, because the vacuum-based processes need high cost equipment, they pose technological barriers to producing low-cost and large area photovoltaic cells. Recently, non-vacuum based processes, for example the solution/nanoparticle precursor process, the electrodeposition method, or the polymer-capped precursors process, have been intensively studied to reduce capital expenditure. Lately, over 17% of energy conversion efficiency has been reported by solution precursors methods in CIGS solar cells. This article reviews the status of non-vacuum techniques that are used to fabricate CIGS and CZTS thin films solar cells.

Keywords
inorganic compound
solar cells
thin films
non-vacuum technique
References
1.
Forecast International's Energy Potal, http://www.fipowerweb.com/Renewable-Energy.html
2.
H. Kim, Development of Materials for Solar Energy (III), KIER-B52464 (2015).
3.
Solar Frontier Achieves World Record Thin-Film Solar Cell Efficiency of 22.9%, Retrieved Dec. 2018 from http://www.solar-frontier.com/eng/news/2017/1220_press.html
4.
M. Kaelin, D. Rudmann and A. Tiwari, Solar Energy, 77, 749 (2004). 10.1016/j.solener.2004.08.015
5.
K. Yoon, Development of high-efficiency & low-cost CIGS TFSC material by chemical method. Report (2014).
6.
T. Ren, R. Yu, M. Zhong, J. Shi and C. Li, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 95, 510 (2011). 10.1016/j.solmat.2010.09.011
7.
C. Choi, H. Lee, H. Cha, J. Gwak, J. Yun, J. Kim, Y. Kim and D. Lee, J. Electrochem. Soc., 159, 1 (2012). 10.1149/2.001201jes
8.
H. Lee, W. Lee, J. Kim, M. Ko, K. Kim, K. Seo, K. Lee and H. Kim, Electrochimica Acta, 87, 450 (2013). 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.09.118
9.
R. S. Mane and C. D. Lokhande, Mater. Chem. Phys., 65, 1 (2000). 10.1016/S0254-0584(00)00217-0
10.
P. P. Hankare, K. C. Rathod, P. A. Chate, K. M. Garadker, D. J. Sathem and I. S. Mulla, J. Alloy. Compd., 511, 50 (2012). 10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.04.084
11.
L. P. Deshmukh, R. V. Suryawanshi, E. U. Masumdar and M. Sharon, Solar Energy, 86, 1910 (2012). 10.1016/j.solener.2012.02.033
12.
H. Yoon, J. Woo, B. Joshi, Y. Ra, S. Yoon, H. Kim, S. Ahn, J. Yun, J. Gwak, K. Yoon and S. C. James, J. Electrochem. Soc., 159, H444 (2012). 10.1149/2.jes113086
13.
H. Kuo, J. Tsai, A. Huang and W. Pan, Appl. Energy, 164, 1003 (2016). 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.04.002
14.
T. Teodor and D. B. Mitzi, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 1, 17 (2010).
15.
H. Hahn, G. Frank, W. Klingler, A. Meyer, G. Storger and Z. Anorg, Allg. Chem., 271, 153 (1953). 10.1002/zaac.19532710307
16.
J. Kim, Ceramist, 13, 13 (2010).
17.
H. Jeong, Vacuum Magazine, 3, 29 (2016). 10.5757/vacmac.3.2.4
18.
A. Fernandez and R. Bhattacharya, Thin Solid Films, 474, 10 (2005). 10.1016/j.tsf.2004.02.104
19.
R. Bhattacharya, J. Electrochem. Soc., 157, D406 (2010). 10.1149/1.3427514
20.
D. Zhou, H. Zhu, X. Liang, C. Zhang, Z. Li, Y. Xu, J. Chen, L. Zhang and Y. Mai, Appl. Surf. Sci., 362, 202 (2016). 10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.11.235
21.
Y. Hwang, ReSEAT Program, KISTI (2013).
22.
T. Zhang, Y. Yang, D. Liu, S. C. Tse, W. Cao, Z. Feng, S. Chen and L. Qian, Energy Environ. Sci., 9, 3674 (2016). 10.1039/C6EE02352E
23.
S. M. McLeod, C. J. Hages, N. J. Carter and R. Agrawal, Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl., 23, 1550 (2015). 10.1002/pip.2588
24.
K. Ito, T. Nakazawa, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 27, 2094 (1988). 10.1143/JJAP.27.2094
25.
Th. M. Friedlmeier, N. Wieser, Th. Walter, H. Dittrich and H. W. Schock, in Proceedings of the 14th European PVSEC and Exhibition, P4B.10 Barcelona, Spain (1997).
26.
K. A. W. Horowitz, R. Fu, and M. Woodhouse, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 154, 1 (2016). 10.1016/j.solmat.2016.04.029
27.
K. Kim and J. Yun, KIC News 20(2), 1 (2017).
28.
A. Zegadi, M. A. Slifkin, M. Djamin, A. E. Hill and R. D. Tomlinson, Phys. Stat. Sol., 133, 533 (1992). 10.1002/pssa.2211330238
29.
A. Chirila, S. Buecheler, F. Pianezzi, P. Bloesch, C. Gretener, A. R. Uhl, C. Fella, L. Kranz, J. Perrenoud, S. Seyrling, R. Verma, S. Nishiwaki, Y. E. Romanyuk, G. Bilger and A. N. Tiwari, Nat. Mater., 10, 857 (2011). 10.1038/nmat312221927005
30.
P. Baruch, A. De Vos, P. T. Landsberg, J. E. Parrott, Sol. Energy Mater Sol. Cells, 36, 201 (1995). 10.1016/0927-0248(95)80004-2
31.
C. S Choi, MS thesis (in Korean), Pusan National University (2013).
32.
H. Yoon, K. Park, J. Park, K. Kim, J. Lee, Y. Kim and D. Lee, J. Electron. Mater., 44, 4779 (2015). 10.1007/s11664-015-4042-8
33.
D. Lee, and Y. Kim, Patent 10-1603043 (2016).
34.
K. Park, J. Park, S. Park, D. Lee, D. Yoo, S. Shin, J. Gwak, Y. Kim and D. Lee, J. Mater. Sci., 52, 13533 (2017). 10.1007/s10853-017-1452-4
35.
D. Lincot, J. Guillemoles, S. Taunier, D. Guimard, J. Sicx-Kurdi, A. Chaumont, O. Roussel, O. Ramdani, C. Hubert and J. Fauvarque, Solar Energy, 77, 725 (2004). 10.1016/j.solener.2004.05.024
36.
A. Fernandez and R. Bhattacharya, Thin Solid Films, 474, 10 (2005). 10.1016/j.tsf.2004.02.104
37.
O. Bamiduro, G. Chennamadhava, R. Mundle, R. Konda, B. Robinson, M. Bahoura and A. Pradhan, Solar Energy, 85, 545 (2011). 10.1016/j.solener.2010.12.025
38.
C. Y. Su, W. H. Ho, H. C. Lin, C. Y. Nieh and S. C. Liang, Solar Energy Mater. Solar Cells, 95, 261 (2011). 10.1016/j.solmat.2010.04.072
39.
Y. Lai, F. Liu, Z. Zhang, J. Liu, Y. Li, S. Kuang, J. Li and Y. Liu, Electrochim. Acta, 54, 3004 (2009). 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.12.016
40.
L. Kaupmees, M. Altosaar, O. Volubujeva and E. Mellikov, Thin Solid Films, 515, 5891 (2007). 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.12.088
41.
Y. P. Fu, R. W. You and K. K. Lew, J. Electrochem. Soc., 156, E133 (2009). 10.1149/1.3158558
42.
H. J Lee, H. J. Yoon, C. W. Ji, J. H. Yoon, D. Lee, J. H. Lee and Y. Kim, J. Electron. Mater., 41, 3375 (2012). 10.1007/s11664-012-2252-x
43.
C. J. Hibberd, E. Chassaing, W. Liu, D. B. Mitzi, D. Lincot and A. N. Tiwari, Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl., 18, 434 (2010). 10.1002/pip.914
44.
B. Pamplin and R. S. Feigelson, Thin Solid Films, 60, 141 (1979). 10.1016/0040-6090(79)90184-6
45.
K. Kim, Y-J Eo, A. Cho, J. Gwak, J. H. Yun, K. Shin, S. K. Ahn, S. H. Park, K. Yoon and S. Ahn, J. Mater. Chem., 22, 8444 (2012). 10.1039/c2jm16555d
46.
S. Ahn, Y. J. Choi, K. Kim, Y. J. Eo, A. Cho, J. Gwak, J. H. Yun, K. Shin, S. K. Ahn and K. H. Yoon, ChemSusChem., 6, 1282 (2013). 10.1002/cssc.20120089423681958
47.
S. Ahn, S. Rehan, D. G. Moon, Y-J Eo, S. Ahn, J. H. Yun, A. Cho and J. Gwak, Green. Chem., 19, 1268 (2017). 10.1039/C6GC03280J
48.
M. S. Tomar and F. J. Garcia, Thin Solid Films, 90, 419 (1982). 10.1016/0040-6090(82)90551-X
49.
C. R. Abernathy, C. W. Bates Jr, A. A. Anani, B. Haba and G. Smestad, Appl. Phy. Lett., 45, 890 (1984). 10.1063/1.95403
50.
M. Kaelin, H. Zogg, A. N. Tiwari, O. Wilhelm, S. E. Pratsinis, T. Meyer and A. Meyer, Thin Solid Films, 457, 391 (2004). 10.1016/S0040-6090(03)01033-2
51.
S. Merdes, M. Sugiyama, M. Sano, Z. Hadjoub, H. Nakanishi, and S. Ando, in Proceedings of the Twenty- First European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, P.1870, Dresden, Germany (2006).
52.
S. Merdes, L. Bechiri, Z. Hadjoub, M. Sano and S, Ando, Physica Status Solidi C, 3, 2535 (2006). 10.1002/pssc.200669562
53.
W. Hirpo, S. Dhingra, A. C. Sutorik and M. G. Kanatzidis, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 115, 1597 (1993). 10.1021/ja00057a067
54.
O. Kluge, I. J-L. Plante, M. Diab, M. Volokh, A. Teitelboim and T. Mokari, J. Mater. Chem. C, 3, 4657 (2015). 10.1039/C4TC02842B
55.
D. B. Mitzi, L. L. Kosbar, C. E. Murray, M. Copel and A. Afzali, Nature, 428, 299 (2004). 10.1038/nature0238915029191
56.
D. B. Mitzi, M. Yuan, W. Liu, A. J. Kellock, S. J. Chey, V. Deline and A. G. Schrott, Adv. Mater., 20, 3657 (2008). 10.1002/adma.200800555
57.
D. B. Mitzi, M. Yuan, W. Liu, A. J. Kellock, S. J. Chey, L. Gignac and A. G. Schrott, Thin Solid Films, 517, 2158 (2009). 10.1016/j.tsf.2008.10.079
58.
D. B. Mitzi, Adv. Mater., 21, 3141 (2009). 10.1002/adma.200802027
58.
D. B. Mitzi, T. K. Todorov, O. Gunawan, M. Yuan, Q. Cao, W. Liu, K. B. Reuter, M. Kuwahara, K. Misumi, A. J. Kellock, S. J. Chey, T. G. de Monsabert, A. Prabhakar, V. Deline and K. E. Fogel, in Proceedings of the 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, P.640, Honolulu, HI, 20-25 June (2010).
60.
A. Romeo, M. Terheggen, D. Abou-Ras, D. L. Batzner, F. J. Haun, M. Kalin, D. Rudmann and A. N. Tiwari, Prog. Photovoltaics, 12, 93 (2004). 10.1002/pip.527
61.
A. Chirila, P. Reinhard, F. Pianezzi, P. Bloesch, A. R. Uhl, C. Fella, L. Kranz, D. Keller, C. Gretener, H. Hagendorfer, D. Jaeger, R. Erni, S. Nishiwaki, S. Buecheler and A. N. Tiwari, Nat. Mater., 12, 1107 (2013). 10.1038/nmat378924185758
62.
Y. Bouznit, Y. Beggah, A. Boukerika, A. Lahreche and F. Ynineb, Appl. Surf. Sci., 284, 936 (2013). 10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.03.155
63.
N. Naghavi, S. Spiering, M. Powalla, B. Cavana and D .Lincot, Photovoltaics, 11, 437 (2003). 10.1002/pip.508
64.
F. Jiang, C. Ozaki, Gunawan, T. Harada, Z. Tang, T. Minetomo, Y. Nose and S. Ikeda, Chem. Mater., 28, 3283 (2016). 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b04984
65.
T. Todorov, J. Carda, P. Escribano, A. Grimm, J. Klaer and R. Klenk, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 92, 1274 (2008). 10.1016/j.solmat.2008.04.022
66.
J. Kim, H. Hiroi, T. K. Todorov, O. Gunawan, M. Kuwahara, T. Gokmen, D. Nair, M. Hopstaken, B. Shin, Y. Lee, W. Wang, H. Sugimoto and D. B. Mitzi, Adv. Mater., 26, 7427 (2014). 10.1002/adma.20140237325155874
67.
P. O'Brien and J. McAleese, J. Mater. Chem., 8, 2309 (1998). 10.1039/a804692a
68.
C. J. Brinker, G. W. Scherer, Sol-Gel Science: The Physics and Chemistry of Sol-Gel Processing, p. 1, Academic Press (1990). 2197696
69.
K. Shin, H. Park, B. Kumar, K. Kim, S. Ihn and S. Kim, J. Mater. Chem., 21, 12274 (2011). 10.1039/c1jm10914f
70.
Y. Sun, J. Seo, C. J. Takacs, J. Seifter and A. J. Heeger, Adv. Mater., 23, 1679 (2011). 10.1002/adma.20100430121472797
71.
G. Shanmuganathan, I. B. Shameem Banu, S. Krishnan and B. Ranganathan, J. Alloy. Compd., 562, 187 (2013). 10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.01.184
72.
S. Baruah and J. Dutta, Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater., 10, 013001 (2009). 10.1088/1468-6996/10/1/01300127877250PMC5109597
73.
S. Merdes, F. Ziem, T. Lavrenko, T. Walter, I. Lauermann, M. Klingsporn, S. Schmidt, F. Hergert and R. Schlatmann, Prog. Photovoltaics, 23, 1493 (2015). 10.1002/pip.2579
74.
T. Shinagawa, S. Otomo, J. Katayama and M. Izaki, Electrochimica Acta, 53, 1170 (2007). 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.03.056
75.
M. Ravindiran and C. Praveenkumar, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 94, 317 (2018). 10.1016/j.rser.2018.06.008
76.
K. J. Yang, D. H. Son, S. J. Sung, J. H. Sim, Y. I. Kim, S. N. Park, D. H. Jeon, J. Kim, D. K. Hwang, C. W. Jeon, D. Nam, H. Cheong, J. K. Kang and D. H. Kim, J. Mater. Chem. A, 4, 10151 (2016). 10.1039/C6TA01558A
77.
D. B. Mitzi, O. Gunawan, T. K. Todorov, K. Wang and S. Guha, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 95, 1421 (2011). 10.1016/j.solmat.2010.11.028
78.
W. Wang, M. T. Winkler, O. Gunawan, T. Gokmen, T. K. Todorov, Y. Zhu and D. B. Mitzi, Adv. Energy Mater., 4, 1301465 (2014). 10.1002/aenm.201301465
79.
S. Ikeda, W. Septina, Y. Lin, A. Kyoraiseki, T. Harada and M. Matsumura, Proceedings of 2013 International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC), 1 (2013).
80.
W. Septina, S. Ikeda, A. Kyoraiseki, T. Harada and M. Matsumura, Electrochim. Acta, 88, 436 (2013). 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.10.076
81.
T. H. Nguyen, W. Septina, S. Fujikawa, F. Jiang, T. Harada and S. Ikeda, RSC Adv., 5, 77565 (2015). 10.1039/C5RA13000J
82.
S. Bag, O. Gunawan, T. Gokmen, Y. Zhu and D. B. Mitzi, Chem. Mater., 24, 4588 (2012). 10.1021/cm302881g
83.
W. Yang, H. S. Duan, K. C. Cha, C. J. Hsu, W. C. H su,H. Zhou, B. Bob and Y. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 135, 6915 (2013). 10.1021/ja312678c23581974
84.
I. Kim, K. Kim, Y. Oh, K. Woo, G. Cao, S. Jeong and J. Moon, Chem. Mater., 26, 3957 (2014). 10.1021/cm501568d
85.
S. C. Riha, B. A. Parkinson and A. L. Prieto, J. AM. Chem. Soc., 131, 12054 (2009). 10.1021/ja904416819673478
86.
H. Du, F. Yan, M. Young, B. To, C-S Jiang, P. Dippo, D. Kuciauskas, Z. Chi, E. A. Lund, C. Hancock, W. M. Hlaing OO, M. A. Scarpulla and G. Teeter, J. Appl.Phys., 115, 173502 (2014). 10.1063/1.4871664
87.
E. A. Lund, H. Du, W. M. Hlaing OO, G. Teeter and M. A. Scarpulla, J. Appl. Phys., 115, 173503 (2014) 10.1063/1.4871665
88.
N. A. Kattan, I. J. Griffiths, D. Cherns and D. J. Fermín, Nanoscale, 8, 14369 (2016). 10.1039/C6NR04185J27405278
89.
M. Ibanez, R. Zamani, A. LaLonde, D. Cadavid, W. Li, A. Shavel, J. Arbiol, J. R. Morante, S. Gorsse, G. J. Snyder and A. Cabot, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 134, 4060 (2012). 10.1021/ja211952z22332903
90.
G. M. Ford, Q. Guo, R. Agrawal and H. W. Hillhouse, Chem. Mater., 23, 2626 (2011). 10.1021/cm2002836
91.
Q. Yi, J. Wu, J. Zhao, H. Wang, J. Hu, X. Dai and G. Zou, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 9, 1602 (2017). 10.1021/acsami.6b1368327996233
92.
A. Guchhait, Z. Su, Y. Tay, S. Shukla, J. Tan, O. Gunawan and L. wong, ACS Energy Lett., 1, 1256 (2016). 10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00509
93.
Q. Chen, S. Cheng, S. Zhuang and X. Dou, Thin Solid Films, 520, 6256 (2012). 10.1016/j.tsf.2012.05.074
94.
W. Lee, J. Lee, W. Yi and S. Han, Adv. Mater., 22, 2264 (2010). 10.1002/adma.20090384120352633
95.
W. Wang and K. Choy, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 8, 16640 (2016). 10.1021/acsami.6b0213727299854
Information
  • Publisher :Materials Research Society of Korea
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국재료학회
  • Journal Title :Korean Journal of Materials Research
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국재료학회지
  • Volume : 28
  • No :12
  • Pages :748-757
  • Received Date : 2018-09-03
  • Revised Date : 2018-11-29
  • Accepted Date : 2018-11-30
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.3740/MRSK.2018.28.12.748
Journal Informaiton Korean Journal of Materials Research Korean Journal of Materials Research
Online Submission
  • scopus
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • crossref crossmark
  • crossref cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close